Fatwa Explorer

Fatwa #4409819 January 2020United States of America

What is the difference between the Quraan and the Bible?

Question

Alsalam Alaykom and I am muslim female I want to ask today if we are as muslims allowed to read the Bible And also I want to know what is the difference between the Quraan and the Bible?

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

As Muslims, we believe in all the divine scriptures revealed by Almighty Allah. These scriptures include the Zaboor (Psalms), Torah (Old Testament) and the Injeel (Bible/New Testament). Almighty Allah revealed the Zaboor to Dawood (Alayhis Salaam), the Torah to Musa (Alayhis Salaam) and the Injeel to Isa (Alayhis Salaam). Each scripture contained its own commands and prohibitions as well as admonitions, reminders, prophecies, glad tidings, warnings and so on. Each scripture was sent as a guidance to its people. For example, Almighty Allah says, Surah Maaidah, Verse 44,

إنا أنزلنا التوراة فيها هدى ونور

Translation: “Verily, We sent down the Torah, in which is guidance and light.”

However, unlike the Holy Quran whose preservation Almighty Allah has Himself assured, the preservation of earlier scriptures was entrusted to the learned men from the peoples to whom they were sent. Consequently, through time, these books were corrupted and distorted. Almighty Allah says, Surah Baqarah, Verse 79,

فويل للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم ثم يقولون هذا من عند الله

Translation: “Destruction to those (People of the Book) who write the book with their hands and then they say: This is from Allah.”

Due to this, the book presently known as the Bible cannot be accepted to be the actual Injeel revealed to Isa (Alayhis Salaam). Although some sections of it may conform to the original Injeel, most sections were certainly distorted and corrupted. This is why one function of the Holy Quran is to serve as a Guardian against the distorted versions of the previous scriptures. Almighty Allah says, Surah Maaidah, Verse 48, 

وأنزلنا إليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقا لما بين يديه من الكتاب ومهيمنا عليه

Translation: “We have sent down to you (O Prophet), the Book (Quran) with truth, confirming the book before it, and a guardian of it.”

The passages of the Bible as well as all previous scriptures are of three categories.

1.     Passages that are in conformity to the Holy Quran and the Ahadith. Such passages are accepted by us.

2.     Passages that are contrary to the Holy Quran and the Ahadith. Such passages are rejected by us.

3.     Passages which are neither confirmed nor rejected by the Holy Quran and Ahadith. These hold a neutral position and our duty is to simply say: “We believe in Almighty Allah and what was revealed to us.” See the following hadith,[i]

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ يَقْرَءُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ بِالْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ، وَيُفَسِّرُونَهَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَا تُصَدِّقُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَلَا تُكَذِّبُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا

Translation: “The Ahl al-Kitaab would recite the Torah in Hebrew and interpret it in Arabic for the Muslims, so Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: Do not believe the people of the book and do not belie them but say: We believe in Allah and what was revealed to us.”

Furthermore, the Holy Quran and Sunnah are sufficient for our guidance. It is not permissible to read the Bible to seek guidance. Consider the following hadith,[ii]

عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِنُسْخَةٍ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ نُسْخَةٌ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ ، فَسَكَتَ، فَجَعَلَ يَقْرَأُ وَوَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ يَتَغَيَّرُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ : ثَكِلَتْكَ الثَّوَاكِلُ، مَا تَرَى بِوَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَنَظَرَ عُمَرُ إِلَى وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ : أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ، وَمِنْ غَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم : " وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ بَدَا لَكُمْ مُوسَى فَاتَّبَعْتُمُوهُ وَتَرَكْتُمُونِي، لَضَلَلْتُمْ عَنْ سَوَاءِ السَّبِيلِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا وَأَدْرَكَ نُبُوَّتِي لَاتَّبَعَنِي "

Translation: “Jaabir (Radhiyallahu Anhu) reports that Umar (Radhiyallahu Anhu) produced a copy of the Torah to Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, this is a copy of the Torah,’ and he remained quiet. Then he began to read (it) whereupon the face of the Messenger of Allah changed, so Abu Bakr (Radhiyallahu Anhu) said: ‘May the bereaved mothers lose you! Do you not see the face of the Messenger of Allah?!’ So, Umar (Radhiyallahu Anhu) looked at the face of the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) and said: ‘I seek refuge in Allah, from the anger of Allah and from the anger of His Messenger. We are content with Allah as Lord, Islam as religion and Muhammad as Prophet.’ Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) said: ‘By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad! Had Musa (Alayhis Salaam) appeared before you and you followed him and you abandoned me, you would have strayed from the straight path. If he was alive and he witnessed my prophethood, he would have followed me.”

Therefore, the Fuqaha have stated that it is not permissible to look into the previous scriptures for no reason.[iii]

As for the difference between the Holy Quran and the Bible or any other previous scripture for that matter,

The Holy Quran is the last and final divine scripture revealed and has therefore abrogated all previous scriptures. Furthermore, the Holy Quran has been protected from distortion and corruption by Almighty Allah Himself. Surah Hijr, Verse 9,

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ

Translation: “Indeed, We have revealed the Dhikr (Holy Quran and Hadith), and We are its protectors.”

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Bilal Yusuf Pandor

Student Darul Iftaa

Lusaka, Zambia

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.


صحيح البخاري (9/ 111) [i]

7362 - حدثني محمد بن بشار، حدثنا عثمان بن عمر، أخبرنا علي بن المبارك، عن يحيى بن أبي كثير، عن أبي سلمة، عن أبي هريرة، قال: كان أهل الكتاب يقرءون التوراة بالعبرانية، ويفسرونها بالعربية لأهل الإسلام، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «لا تصدقوا أهل الكتاب ولا تكذبوهم» وقولوا: {آمنا بالله وما أنزل إلينا} [البقرة: 136] وما أنزل إليكم الآية

سنن الدارمي (1/ 403) [ii]

449 - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِنُسْخَةٍ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ نُسْخَةٌ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ، فَسَكَتَ، فَجَعَلَ يَقْرَأُ وَوَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ يَتَغَيَّرُ، فَقَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ثَكِلَتْكَ الثَّوَاكِلُ، مَا تَرَى بِوَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ فَنَظَرَ عُمَرُ إِلَى وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ بَدَا لَكُمْ مُوسَى فَاتَّبَعْتُمُوهُ وَتَرَكْتُمُونِي، لَضَلَلْتُمْ عَنْ سَوَاءِ السَّبِيلِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا وَأَدْرَكَ نُبُوَّتِي، لَاتَّبَعَنِي»

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (1/ 175) [iii]

(قوله: ويكره له إلخ) الأولى لهم أي للجنب والحائض والنفساء. هذا، وصحح في الخلاصة عدم الكراهة. قال في شرح المنية: لكن الصحيح الكراهة؛ لأن ما بدل منه بعض غير معين وما لم يبدل غالب وهو واجب التعظيم والصون. وإذا اجتمع المحرم والمبيح غلب المحرم. وقال - عليه الصلاة والسلام - «دع ما يريبك إلى ما لا يريبك» وبهذا ظهر فساد قول من قال يجوز الاستنجاء بما في أيديهم من التوراة والإنجيل من الشافعية فإنه مجازفة عظيمة؛ لأن الله تعالى لم يخبرنا بأنهم بدلوها عن آخرها وكونه منسوخا لا يخرجه عن كونه كلام الله تعالى كالآيات المنسوخة من القرآن. اهـ. واختار سيدي عبد الغني ما في الخلاصة، وأطال في تقريره، ثم قال: وقد نهينا عن النظر في شيء منها سواء نقلها إلينا الكفار أو من أسلم منهم

الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية (34/ 184)

النَّظَرُ فِي كُتُبِ أَهْل الْكِتَابِ وَمَا يُشْبِهُهَا:

20 - ذَهَبَ الْحَنَفِيَّةُ وَالْحَنَابِلَةُ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لاَ يَجُوزُ النَّظَرُ فِي كُتُبِ أَهْل الْكِتَابِ، نَقَل ابْنُ عَابِدِينَ قَوْل عَبْدِ الْغَنِيِّ النَّابُلْسِيِّ: نُهِينَا عَنِ النَّظَرِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإِْنْجِيل، سَوَاءٌ نَقَلَهَا إِلَيْنَا الْكُفَّارُ أَوْ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ

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