Fatwa #438814 December 2019Pakistan
Is in vitro permissable?
Question
Assalaamualaikum
Respected Ulama
Brief Background:
5 months ago our 6 month old daughter passed away due to a very rare disease called Pompe disease. It is an inherited genetic disease( 1 mutation from each parent) but in our case we have learnt that my husband and I both are the only 2 people in the country that have 2 mutations instead of 1. Alhamdulilah we have a 4year old son who has been tested and does not carry the disease or the mutated gene. Doctors have advised that if we wish to have another baby it would be advisable to work with a geneticist to determine the status of the fetus. The reason for this is because of the aggressive nature of this disease and there is only a life long treatment available which needs to be administered as early as possible after the baby is born for it to help reduce the effects of the disease
We would appreciate if Moulana could advise on the following inshaAllah:
1. Is in vitro permissable?
Geneticist have explained that they can choose a healthy embryo thus ensuring the baby does not have the mutated genes
2. Are we allowed to terminate a pregnancy? And if so, at how many weeks?
3. if we conceive naturally and genetics pick up the mutated gene (which can be detected btwn 10 to 12 weeks) is it permissable to terminate the pregnancy?
JzkAllah
Answer
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
It brings us great grief to hear about the passing away of your daughter. May Allah Ta’ala grant you sabr in this hardship. Āmīn. Our Beloved Nabī Ṣallāllahu 'alaihi Wa Sallam informed us that when a young child passes away before the parents, Allah will allow the child to intercede on behalf of the parents and be the means for their entrance to Paradise. Consider the following hadīth;
"مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمَيْنِ يَمُوتُ بَيْنَهُمَا ثَلاَثَةُ أَوْلاَدٍ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحِنْثَ إِلاَّ أَدْخَلَهُمَا اللَّهُ بِفَضْلِ رَحْمَتِهِ إِيَّاهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ ." قَالَ " يُقَالُ لَهُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ فَيَقُولُونَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ آبَاؤُنَا فَيُقَالُ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ أَنْتُمْ وَآبَاؤُكُمْ " (سنن النسايئ)
"There are no two Muslims, three of whose children die before reaching puberty, but Allah will admit them to Paradise by virtue of His mercy toward them. It will be said to them: 'Enter Paradise.' They will say: 'Not until our parents enter.' So it will be said: 'Enter Paradise, you and your parents." (Sunan Al Nasā’ī)
It is essential to understand that it is Allāh Ta’ālā who grants couples children and it is He who deprives them of children. Consider the following verse:
يَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَاثًا وَيَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ الذُّكُورَ (49) أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْرَانًا وَإِنَاثًا وَيَجْعَلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ عَقِيمًا إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ
He grants to whomever He so wills female offspring, and He gives to whomever He so wills male offspring. Or He bestows (upon some) both males and females. And He makes barren whomever He so wills. Indeed, He is All-Knowing, All-mighty. (Shu’arā 49-50)
Hereunder are the answers to your questions.
1. In vitro fertilization (IVF)[1] is a process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the woman's womb, in vitro. It the enquired scenario, it will be permissible for you to consider IVF, thus, ensuring the baby does not have the mutated genes[2] present in both parents.
However, the following conditions should be adhered to;
a) The sperm and egg should belong to the husband and wife respectively.
b) The husband must take assistance from his wife in the removal of his sperm.[3]
c) A female embryologist should carry out the necessary procedures.
If you are forced to carry out the procedures with a male doctor due to not finding an alternative, then it is vital to keep all interactions as limited as possible.[4]
In such a situation, make tawbah and istighfār for violating the laws of Shari’ah.
2. In principle, it will be permissible to abort the child within 120 days if a trustworthy expert Muslim doctor finds that there would be a high possibility that the child would develop a terminal illness or the mother would die. [5]
3. It will be permissible to terminate the pregnancy before 120 days if the mutation is such that it will cause terminal illness. However, if the mutation is such that it causes a mild defect that will not lead to severe and unbearable complications in life, then abortion will be impermissible.
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
Ikraam Elias Gangat
Student Darul Iftaa
Zambia
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
______
[1] https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/in-vitro-fertilization/about/pac-20384716
[2]https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation#:~:targetText=A%20gene%20mutation%20is%20a,chromosome%20that%20includes%20multiple%20genes.
الفتاوى الهندية (4/ 114)
رجل عالج جاريته فيما دون الفرج فأنزل فأخذت الجارية ماءه في شيء فاستدخلته في فرجها فعلقت عند أبي حنيفة رحمه الله تعالى أن الولد ولده وتصير الجارية أم ولد له كذا في فتاوى قاضي خان
الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 528)
عن البحر عن المحيط ما نصه: إذا عالج الرجل جاريته فيما دون الفرج فأنزل فأخذت الجارية ماءه في شيء فاستدخلته في فرجها في حدثان ذلك فعلقت الجارية وولدت فالولد ولده، والجارية أم ولد له اه
جديد فقهي مسائل (5/ 151)
فتاوى دار العلوم زكريا (6/ 790)
[4] الأصل للشيباني (2/ 238)
فإن أصاب امرأة جرح او قرحة في موضع لا يحل للرجل أن ينظروا إليه فلا بأس بأن يعلم امرئة دواء ذالك الجرح...فإن لم يجدوا امرأة تداوي الجرح الذي بها أو القرحة و لم يقدروا علي امرأة تعلم ذالك، و خافوا علي المرأة التي بها الجرح او القرحة ان تهلك او يصيبها بلاء أو دخلها من ذالك وجع لا يحتمل، او لم يكن يداوي الموضع إلا رجل، فلا بأس بأن يستتر منها كل شيء إلا موضع الجرح او القرحة ثم يداوي الرجل و يغض بصره بما استطاع عن عورة، و ذات محرم و غيرها في ذالك سواء
بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (5/ 124)
وكذا إذا كان بها جرح أو قرح في موضع لا يحل للرجال النظر إليه فلا بأس أن تداويها إذا علمت المداواة فإن لم تعلم تتعلم ثم تداويها فإن لم توجد امرأة تعلم المداواة ولا امرأة تتعلم وخيف عليها الهلاك أو بلاء أو وجع لا تحتمله يداويها الرجل لكن لا يكشف منها إلا موضع الجرح ويغض بصره ما استطاع لأن الحرمات الشرعية جاز أن يسقط اعتبارها شرعا لمكان الضرورة
البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق (8/ 218)
والطبيب إنما يجوز له ذلك إذا لم يوجد امرأة طبيبة
حاشية ابن عابدين (الرد المحتار) (6/ 370)
(قَوْلُهُ وَيَنْبَغِي إلَخْ) كَذَا أَطْلَقَهُ فِي الْهِدَايَةِ وَالْخَانِيَّةِ. وَقَالَ فِي الْجَوْهَرَةِ: إذَا كَانَ الْمَرَضُ فِي سَائِرِ بَدَنِهَا غَيْرَ الْفَرْجِ يَجُوزُ النَّظَرُ إلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الدَّوَاءِ، لِأَنَّهُ مَوْضِعُ ضَرُورَةٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْفَرْجِ، فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُعَلِّمَ امْرَأَةً تُدَاوِيهَا فَإِنْ لَمْ تُوجَدْ وَخَافُوا عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَهْلِكَ أَوْ يُصِيبَهَا وَجَعٌ لَا تَحْتَمِلُهُ يَسْتُرُوا مِنْهَا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إلَّا مَوْضِعَ الْعِلَّةِ ثُمَّ يُدَاوِيهَا الرَّجُلُ وَيَغُضُّ بَصَرَهُ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ إلَّا عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الْجُرْحِ اهـ فَتَأَمَّلْ وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ " يَنْبَغِيَ " هُنَا لِلْوُجُوبِ
[5] Family Planning and Abortion; Qaadhi Mujahidul Islam. Pg 22/23 (Pima Publications)
References
- Family Planning and Abortion; Qaadhi Mujahidul Islam. Pg 22/23 (Pima Publications)