Fatwa #4677923 December 2020South Africa
What is the Hadith E Kisa, the reference of Sunni scholar's book and also the complete Hadeeth
Question
What is the Hadith E Kisa, the reference of Sunni scholar's book and also the complete Hadeeth
Answer
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh
Hadith Al-Kisa (Narration of the Cloak) is the narration of an incident where Rasullullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) gathered Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat Hussayn (Radhiyallahu Anhum) and Hazrat Fathima (Radhiyallahu Anha) under his cloak and announced them as his Ahl (Family).
The Hadeeth referred to in the query is as follows:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ - وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ - قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّاءَ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَدَاةً وَعَلَيْهِ مِرْطٌ مُرَحَّلٌ، مِنْ شَعْرٍ أَسْوَدَ، فَجَاءَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فَأَدْخَلَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ فَأَدْخَلَهَا، ثُمَّ جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ فَأَدْخَلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: {إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا} (صحيح مسلم : 2424) [ [الأحزاب:33
Translation: Hazrat Aisha (Radhiyallahu anha) reported that the Messenger of Allah Ta’ala (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam) went out one morning wearing a striped cloak of the black camel's hair, then came Hazrat Hasan (radiallahu anhu). He wrapped him under it. Then came Hazrat Husain (Radhiyallahu Anhu), He wrapped him under it along with the other one (Hazrath Hasan Radhiyallahu Anhum). Then came Hazrat Fatima (Radhiyallahu anha) and he took her under it. Then came Hazrat Ali (Radhiyallahu Anhu) and He also took him under it and then said: “Allah only desires to take away any uncleanliness from you, O people of the household, and purify you with a thorough purification.”
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، رَبِيبِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ البَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا} فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاطِمَةَ وَحَسَنًا وَحُسَيْنًا فَجَلَّلَهُمْ بِكِسَاءٍ وَعَلِيٌّ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ فَجَلَّلَهُ بِكِسَاءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ هَؤُلاَءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي فَأَذْهِبْ عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْسَ وَطَهِّرْهُمْ تَطْهِيرًا قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: وَأَنَا مَعَهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: أَنْتِ عَلَى مَكَانِكِ وَأَنْتِ إِلَى خَيْرٍ
(سنن الترمذي ت بشار:3787)
Translation: It has been narrated from Hazrat Umar ibn Abi Salamah (Radhiyallahu Anhu) - the stepson of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam): "When these Ayahs were revealed to the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam): 'Allah Ta’ala only wishes to remove the Rijs from you, O members of the family, and to purify you with a thorough purification...' (33:33). In the home of Hazrat Umm Salamah (Radhiyallahu Anha), He called for Hazrath Fatimah (Radhiyallahu Anha), Hazrat Hasan, Hazrat Husain, and wrapped them in a cloak. Hazrat Ali (Radhiyallahu Anhu) was behind him, He also wrapped him in the cloak, then He said: 'O Allah Ta’ala! These are the people of my house, so remove the Rijs from them, and purify them with a thorough purification.' So Umm Salamah said: 'And am I with them O Messenger of Allah?' He said: 'You are in your place, and you are more virtuous to me.'"
The Ahaadeeth mentioned above are authentic. The Shīʿah have misused Ḥadith al-Kisa and have misappropriated the title Ahl-e-Bait and constricted it only to those mentioned in these Ahadeeth. Namely: Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat Hussayn (Radhiyallahu Anhum), Hazrat Fathima (Radhiyallahu Anha). There are no indications in Ḥadith al-Kisa that makes this merit specific to them. There are also no explicit statements that only interprets them as Ahl-e-Bait and neither are there any explicit statements that discard Hazrath Umme Salamah and the co wives (Radhiyallahu Anhum). Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the wives of Nabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) are not included in the Ahl-e-Bait. This is in stark conflict to the Qur’ān.
Nabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) knew that Hazrath Umme Salamah (Radhiyallahu Anha) had already acquired the virtue of purification due to the verse addressing her and her co-wives (Radhiyallahu Anhum). Therefore, there was no need to add her to the four. Furthermore, there are numerous verses and Ahaadeeth that proves the wives of Nabi (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) being from the Ahl-e-Bait. We have provided approximately more than 10 references in the footnotes.[i]
For more detail, you may also refer to the following article in the footnotes. [ii]
And Allah Ta’ala Knows best
M. Akhtar
Student Darul Iftaa
South Africa
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
أزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من أهل بيته بدليل الشرع واللغة والعرف والعقل: [i]
أما دليل الشرع:
ولم يكن معه ساعتها غير زوجه [القصص:29] {فَلَمَّا قَضَى مُوسَى الأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِ}
[هود:72]{قَالَتْ يَا وَيْلَتَى أَأَلِدُ وَأَنَاْ عَجُوزٌ وَهَذَا بَعْلِي شَيْخًا}وهذا قول سارة زوجة إبراهيم عليه السلام، فأجابتها الملائكة [هود:73]{أَتَعْجَبِينَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ رَحْمةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَّجِيدٌ}
[يوسف: 25]أي زوجتك{مَا جَزَاء مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأَهْلِكَ سُوَءًا} حتى امرأة العزيز خاطبت زوجها فقالت
وهذه عدة آيات عن لوط عليه السلام و إمرأته يدخلها تحت مسمى (الأهل) في كل المواضع التي ورد فيها إنجاؤهم وإلا لما استثناها منهم.
[الأعراف: 83]{فَأَنجَيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ}
[النمل: 57]{فَأَنجَيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَهُ قَدَّرْنَاهَا مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ}
[ الشعراء: 170-171]{فَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ أَجْمَعِينَ (170) إِلاَّ عَجُوزًا فِي الْغَابِرِينَ}
[هود: 81]{قَالُواْ يَا لُوطُ إِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَن يَصِلُواْ إِلَيْكَ فَأَسْرِ بِأَهْلِكَ بِقِطْعٍ مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ وَلاَ يَلْتَفِتْ مِنكُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَكَ}
[العنكبوت: 32]{قَالَ إِنَّ فِيهَا لُوطًا قَالُوا نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن فِيهَا لَنُنَجِّيَنَّهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ}
فكرر الاستثناء مع أن الآيتين متقاربتان وفي سياق واحد
{لا تَخَفْ وَلا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَكَ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ} [العنكبوت: 33]
{وَإِنَّ لُوطًا لَّمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (133) إِذْ نَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ أَجْمَعِينَ (134) إِلاَّ عَجُوزًا فِي الْغَابِرِينَ}[الصافات: 133-135]
ولا شك أن هذا الإصرار على استثناء امرأة لوط في كل مرة يذكر فيها (أهله) لا داعي له لو كان العرب الذين نزل عليهم القرآن يستطيعون فهم لفظ (الأهل) مجردا من الزوجة.
وفي العموم فإن لفظ أهل البيت يعني سكنة البيت المجتمعين فيه كما أخبر الله تعالى عن يوسف عليه السلام، فإنه لما قال لإخوته{ وَأْتُونِي بِأَهْلِكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ} [يوسف:93]
بيّن الله تعالى أنهم كانوا أباه وزوجة أبيه وأخوته، وذلك بقوله: فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَى يُوسُفَ آوَى إِلَيْهِ أَبَوَيْهِ وَقَالَ ادْخُلُوا مِصْرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ (99) وَرَفَعَ أَبَوَيْهِ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ وَخَرُّوا لَهُ سُجَّدًا[يوسف/99-100]
دليل اللغة:
قال الخليل: أهل الرجل زَوْجُه. والتأهُّل التّزَوّج. وأهْل الرّجُل أخصُّ النّاسِ به. وأهل البيت: سُكّانه
ومِن ذلك: أَهْلُ القُرَى: سُكَّانُها
وتأهل: تزوج، ورجل آهل. وفي الحديث: " أنه أعطى العزب حظاً وأعطى الآهل حظين “. وآهلك الله في الجنة إيهالاً: زوجك
قال الرَّاغِبُ وتَبِعه المُناويُّ: أَهْلُ الرجُلِ في الأصل: مَن يَجمعُه وإيَّاهُم مَسْكَنٌ واحِدٌ ثمّ تُجُوِّزَ به فقيلِ: أهلُ بَيْتِه: مَن يَجْمعُه وإيّاهُم نَسَبٌ
فهذا دليل اللغة، فلفظ "أهل البيت" يتضمن الزوجة أولاً، ثم من يشتمل عليه البيت من الأبناء والبنين والأب والأم وغيرهم ثانياً. ثم يتسع -من بعد -ليعم الأقارب ثالثاً.
دليل العرف:
وإطلاق لفظ (الأهل) والمراد منه الزوجة أمر متعارف عليه إلى اليوم: يقول الرجل مثلا: (جاءت معي أهلي) يقصد زوجته والناس تفهم منه ذلك.
دليل العقل:
إذ كل رجل إنما يبدأ بيته بزوجته وكل عائلة تبدأ بأب وأم أو رجل وامرأة هي زوجته وهنا يصح إطلاق لفظ (الأهل) على الزوجة حتى قبل مجيء الأولاد وحتى لو لم يكن عند الرجل أب أو أم أو أخوة. فالزوجة أول شخص في البيت يطلق عليه اسم (الأهل) فهي أول أهل بيت الرجل أو أهل البيت.
ولذلك قيل للزوجة: (ربة البيت) فهي ليست أهله فحسب أو من أهل بيته وإنما هي ربة هذا البيت.
ــــــــــــــ
انظر مادة "أهل" في معجم مقاييس اللغة، أساس البلاغة، تاج العروس، ولسان العرب.
[ii] Shortened Question: A Shia’s claim that Imamat is mentioned in the 12th verse of Surah Mai’dah.
Question:
A Shia says imamat is mentioned in the Quran in surah maidah ayat 12, where Allah mentions how he appointed twelve imams from bani Israeel. And he says after every prophet 12 imams were appointed by Allah.
He Also says the reason why this reference number from Quran made by Allah , to indicate "5 panjatan" from surah 5 and "12 imams" from ayah 12.
Sir, I want you to give me some references from Quran so I can dismantle his claim, Jazak Allah
Answer:
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
Surah Maa’idah has no relevance to Panjatan (5 members of the Ahlul Bayt) just because it is the 5th Surah of the Quran.
The term Ahlul Bayt is clearly mentioned in the Quran in Surah Ahzaab Verse 33. Allah refers to the blessed wives of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) as Ahlul Bayt.
It is incorrect to infer to Surah Maa’idah as Panjatan simbly because it is the 5th Surah of the Quran when the term, Ahlul Bayt is expressly mentioned by Allah in the Quran.
In the 12th verse of Surah Maa’idah, Allah refers to the 12 leaders of the Bani Israeel. Shias believe that this verse refers to the 12 Imams in Shiasm.
According to the Shias, every Imam is infallible and superior to the prophets.
Mullah Baqir Majlisi, the chief scholar of Safawid Iran, states in his book, “Hayatul Qulub – Vol 3 Pg 10”:
رتبہ امامت برتر از نبوت است
“The position of Imamat is greater than that of Nubuwah/Prophethood.”
Ten of the twelve leaders of Bani Israeel were disloyal to Moosa (Alaihis Salaam). There were only 2 loyal leaders i.e. Yusha (Alaihis Salaam) and Kaalib (May Allah be pleased with him).[2]
If the Shias use this verse of the 12 leaders of Bani Isra’eel to prove the 12 Imams, then this goes against their concept of the purity of the Imams, as 10 out of the 12 leaders were disloyal. The similarity leads to the 12 Imams of the Shias being disloyal.
In the verse, Allah mentions that He chose 12 Naqeebs for the Bani Israeel. The work of a Naqeeb is to oversee a tribe. A Naqeeb is under the order and instruction of a prophet. Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) appointed Sahabah as Naqeebs. According to the belief of the Shias the Imams are superior to prophets. A Naqeeb is lower than a prophet. A Naqeeb therefore cannot refer to an Imam of the Shias as according to them an Imam is even greater than a prophet. It is not possible to interpret the 12th verse of Surah Maa’idah as referring to the Imams of the Shias.
You may refer to the book on the belief of Shias “Ikhtilaafe Ummah Aur Siraate Mustaqeem” written by Hadhrat Moulana Yousuf Ludhyaanwi Rahimahullāh.
The English translation of the book is: “Differences of the Ummah”.
Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.
24-02-1442|12-10-2020
Hereunder are the names of the 12 Imams according to the Shia sect:
1) Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Taalib (Radhiyallahu Anhu)
2) Sayyidina Hasan (Radhiyallahu Anhu)
3) Sayyidina Husain (Radhiyallahu Anhu)
4) Ali “Zain al-Abideen” bin Husain (Radhiyallahu Anhu)
5) Muhammad bin Ali al-Baaqir
6) Ja’far bin Muhammad as-Saadiq
7) Musa bin Ja’far al-Kaazhim
8) Ali bin Musa al-Ridha
9) Muhammad bin Ali al-Taqi al-Jawaad
10) Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad al-Taqi al-Haadi
11) Abu-Muhammad Hasan bin Ali al-Askari al-Alawi
12) Muhammad bin Hasan al-Askari al-Qaaim “al-Muntazhar” al-Mahdi: This person is known as the “Muntazhar” or “The Awaited” by the Shia. They tend to believe he will be the Imam Mahdi discussed in the Ahadith. They also believe he is well and alive but went into hiding to protect himself from harm and also possesses the rest of the Qur’an (may Allah protect us all from saying such statements). After entering the basement of his father’s house at a young age, he never came out and he will emerge once again before qiyaamah and fill the world with justice. Some also believe that his father, Hasan al-Askari never had any children. The Shias response to this is the father was hiding the child and was born after the father’s death.
We believe and bring Iman upon the Imam Mahdi mentioned in the Ahadith. However, the Imam Mahdi mentioned in the Ahadith is much different in comparison to the Imam Mahdi “al-Muntzhar” the Shias believe in. The twelfth Imam the Shias believe in is the only person we consider unreliable as he is unknown. He is also not the actual Imam Mahdi because it contradicts the statement of Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam that Imam Mahdi will share the same name Muhammad and his father will also possess the same name as Rasulullah Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam’s father Abdullah. Hence, his name will be Muhammad bin Abdullah and not Muhammad bin Hasan al-Askari. Imam Mahdi is also known to be born prior to the day of qiyamah and not known to be immortal/alive for a very long time