Fatwa Explorer

Fatwa #4371829 January 2020Germany

What is the ruling on mortgages?

Question

Salam allaikum,

Shaikh Atabek Shukurov explain in a Youtube Video that mortages are islamicly permissible and argue with the hanafi fiqh. He says that the Bank buy the house in your order. If the bank sell you the house (that you choose before) and you know the fix amount of money (includig the profit of the bank) and also the time that you have to pay in for example monthly rates - it will be permissible and not riba.


He says that it´s a kind of muhraba contract. 
His Fatwa is know 3 years old and there is no respons of other Ulamas.
Did you share his view ? And can you please explain why ?


Jazakahhalhu kheiran

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

We have read through the letter of Shaikh Atabek Shukurov in which he explains his view.[i] We do not agree with his view. Conventional mortgages are interest based and not permissible according to Shariah.

Some Ulama have responded to this letter of his, here is a link to one of them:

http://ahlussunnah.boards.net/thread/493/response-atabek-fixing-more-prices

In brief, Shaikh Atabek Shukurov claims that since the borrower (mustaqriḍ) is forced to spend the money that is borrowed on purchasing the house, this cannot be regarded as a loan. Rather he is a Wakeel (representative) to purchase the house on behalf of the bank. He will thereafter purchase the house from the bank at a higher price within the specified time frame.

This explanation implies that the bank does not loan any funds to the client. It also implies that the bank is the actual owner of the house until the client pays back the entire sum of money.

This explanation is not valid due to the following,

1.      Restricting the client from spending the money borrowed will not invalidate the loan, rather it will amount to a loan with a condition. If a loan is given with a condition (Shart), the condition will fall off and the loan will be valid.[ii]  Therefore, it is not correct to say that the loan is actually Tawkeel. For example, if one says to his friend, I will loan you this money on condition you use it to purchase a laptop. It is not necessary for him to purchase a laptop and if he does purchase a laptop, that laptop will belong to the friend, not the lender. We will not say that the lender made the friend a wakeel to purchase the laptop for him.

2.      At no point in the transaction does the house come into the actual ownership/risk of the bank. The bank will not take responsibility for any damages etc. which may occur to the house. Yet, in order for the client to purchase the house from the bank, it must first come into the ownership of the bank.[iii]

He further states that according to the Hanafi Madhab, if a person offers to sell a commodity to someone, but does not conclude the sale on one fixed price, rather, the sale is concluded on two or more prices depending on the date of payment, then this is correct. Therefore, since the bank offers to sell a house to a client without fixing one price, but concludes the deal on different prices for different dates, the sale is valid.

(Although the price might be ‘fixed’ initially, it will change due to early/late payments)

This is an incorrect representation of the Hanafi Madhab. The Hanafi Madhab is clear that a transaction not concluded on a fixed price is invalid (Faasid).[iv]

Thus, in essence, the client simply borrows the money from the bank, purchases the house and repays the bank with a higher price. This is clear Riba (interest) hence, conventional mortgage schemes are not permissible.[v] One should completely refrain from such transactions.

May Allah Ta’ala guide us to the truth. Ameen

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Muhammad Fayyaadh

Student - Darul Iftaa

South Africa

Checked and Approved by,

Mufti Ebrahim Desai

22/01/2020


[i] https://shaykhatabekshukurov.com/2016/01/31/mortgages-an-open-letter-to-sheikh-taqi-uthmani/amp/

[ii] المبسوط للسرخسي (23/ 25)

الْقَرْضَ لَا يَبْطُلُ بِالشَّرْطِ الْفَاسِدِ

[iii] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (5/ 132)

(الْمُرَابَحَةُ) مَصْدَرُ رَابَحَ وَشَرْعًا (بَيْعُ مَا مَلَكَهُ)

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (5/ 147)

فَصْلٌ فِي التَّصَرُّفِ فِي الْمَبِيعِ وَالثَّمَنِ إلَخْ أَوْرَدَهَا فِي فَصْلٍ عَلَى حِدَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ مِنْ الْمُرَابَحَةِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ صِحَّتَهَا لَمَّا تَوَقَّفَتْ عَلَى الْقَبْضِ كَانَ لَهَا ارْتِبَاطٌ بِالتَّصَرُّفِ بِالْبَيْعِ قَبْلَ الْقَبْضِ وَالْبَاقِي اسْتِطْرَادٌ نَهْرٌ

[iv] الأصل للشيباني ط قطر (2/ 436)

وإذا باع الرجل بيعاً فقال: هو بالنسيئة بكذا وبالنقد (8) بكذا كذا، أو قال (9): هو إلى أجل كذا بكذا وكذا وإلى أجل كذا بكذا وكذا، فافترقا على هذا، فإنه لا يجوز. بلغنا عن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أنه نهى عن شرطين في بيع. قال (10) محمد: حدثنا بذلك أبو حنيفة رفعه إلى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم

المبسوط للسرخسي (13/ 7)

وَإِذَا عَقَدَ الْعَقْدَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا بِكَذَا وَبِالنَّقْدِ بِكَذَا أَوْ قَالَ إلَى شَهْرٍ بِكَذَا أَوْ إلَى شَهْرَيْنِ بِكَذَا فَهُوَ فَاسِدٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُعَاطِهِ عَلَى ثَمَنٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَلِنَهْيِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَنْ شَرْطَيْنِ فِي بِيَعٍ وَهَذَا هُوَ تَفْسِيرُ الشَّرْطَيْنِ فِي بِيَعٍ وَمُطْلَقُ النَّهْيِ يُوجِبُ الْفَسَادَ فِي الْعُقُودِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ

[v] كتاب النوازل  11/303

بینک سے لون لینا اور علماء بریلوی کی رائے؟
سوال:- کیا فرماتے ہیں علماء دین ومفتیانِ شرع متین مسئلہ ذیل کے بارے میں کہ: بینک سے لون لینا کیسا ہے؟ ہمارے شہر بدایوں میں علماء بریلوی فرماتے ہیں کہ اس حکومت میں سود حاصل کربھی سکتے ہیں، اور لون کی صورت میں سود دے بھی سکتے ہیں، مسئلہ کو ذرا تفصیل سے تحریر فرمائیں۔
باسمہٖ سبحانہ تعالیٰ
الجواب وباللّٰہ التوفیق: شریعتِ اسلامیہ میں سودی لین دین قطعاً حرام اور مبغوض ہے، قرآنِ کریم اور اَحادیثِ مبارکہ میں اس فعل کی بڑی شناعت وارد ہوئی ہے، قرآنِ پاک میں سودی معاملہ کرنے کو اللہ اور اس کے رسول کے ساتھ اعلانِ جنگ سے تعبیر کیا گیا ہے۔ ارشادِ خداوندی ہے:
قال اللّٰہ تبارک وتعالیٰ: {فَاِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوْا فَاْذَنُوْا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللّٰہِ وَرَسُوْلِہٖ} [البقرۃ، جزء آیت: ۲۷۹]
وقال تعالیٰ: {وَذَرُوْا مَا بَقِیَ مِنَ الرِّبَا اِنْ کُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِیْنَ} [البقرۃ، جزء آیت: ۲۷۸]
وقال تعالیٰ: {الَّذِیْنَ یَأْکُلُوْنَ الرِّبَا لَا یَقُوْمُوْنَ اِلَّا کَمَا یَقُوْمُ الَّذِیْ یَتَخَبَّطُہُ الشَّیْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ} [البقرۃ، جزء آیت: ۲۷۵]

فتاوى محموديه 16/301

بينك سے سودی قرض لينا

الجواب : یہ سور ہے، سود لینے اور سود دینے والے پر حدیث شریف ميى لعنت آئ ہے اور دونوں کو گناہ میں برابر فرمایا گیا ہے 

عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَعَنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكَلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوَكِلَهُ وَكَاتِبَهُ وَشَاهِدَيْهِ وَقَالَ: «هُمْ سَوَاءٌ» . رَوَاهُ مُسل

Something wrong with this record?

Report a problem

This goes to whoever maintains the archive, not to Askimam.org. For a question about the ruling itself, use the link to the original above.

Sent anonymously. No account needed, and nothing identifies you.